Impedance-based diagnostics assess battery performance for lithium battery systems, under diverse thermal stresses. Applying analyzing the impedance response of the battery over frequencies, valuable insights can be extracted regarding the internal resistance, charge transfer kinetics, and overall state of health of the lithium-ion battery system. For example, EIS testing https://ekcs.pages10.com/integrated-help-assistant-voltammetry-instrumentation-suite-72335089