The therapeutic benefits of opioids are compromised by the development of analgesic tolerance. which necessitates higher dosing for pain management thereby increasing the liability for drug dependence and addiction. Rodent models indicate opposing roles of the gut microbiota in tolerance: morphine-induced gut dysbiosis exacerbates tolerance. whereas probiotics ameliorate tolerance. https://www.parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/bone-broth-grass-fed-beef/